三种国外冷杉的核型研究

首次报道了３种国外冷杉的核型。ＡｂｉｅｓｃｅｐｈａｌｏｎｉｃａＬｏｕｄ。有９对中部着丝粒和３对近中着丝粒染色体,Ａ．ｎｕｍｉｄｉｃａＤｅＬａｎｎｏｎｅｘＣａｒｒ．文中还讨论了３种冷杉及其氯不组的进化地位。     

Climatic significance of stable carbon isotope in tree rings of Abies spectabibis in southeastern Tibet

The annually cross-dated stable carbon isotope of tree-ring a-cellulose of Abies spectabibis collected from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau is used to examine its rela-tionship with climatic parameters. The residual D13C series in treerings is constructed after removing the effects of age trend and rising CO2. We found a close relationship between D13C in tree rings and the relative humidity of September—November of the previous year measured at the nearby Ny-ingchi Meteorological Station, albeit a strong 搇agged effect? Thus we developed a transfer function to reconstruct the autumn relative humidity for the Nyingchi region, which explained 37.9% of the total variance (p < 0.001). Our results suggest a high frequency and moderate amplitude variance of the relative humidity before 1800, and the variance re-versed afterwards.     

叶绿体微卫星分析濒危植物资源冷杉的遗传多样性

用叶绿体微卫星(cpSSR)分子标记研究资源冷杉(Abies z iyuanensis)的遗传变异。资源冷杉分别取样于广西资源县和湖南城步县交界的银竹老山、湖南东安和新宁交界处的舜黄山、湖南炎陵县大院的7个居群。样品采用CTAB法进行总DNA的提取,用6对cpSSR引物进行扩增,扩增产物经95℃变性后在6%的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行电泳,然后应用POPGEN V ersion 1.31软件计算资源冷杉各个居群的N ei's基因多样性指数(H e),Shannon信息多样性指数(I),基因分化系数(G st)以及N ei's遗传距离。用NTSY Spc V ersion 2.10软件进行U PGMA聚类分析,并对地理距离和遗传距离相关性进行M en tal检验。用ARLEQU IN 2.000软件分析地区间、居群间和居群内的遗传变异,统计有效单型模式数量。结果6对cpSSR引物中选出3对多态性引物,共扩增出7个位点。N ei's基因多样度H e为0.2922,信息多样性指数I为0.4428,基因分化系数G st为0.5805。资源冷杉的遗传分化主要存在于居群间,分布在银竹老山和舜黄山的资源冷杉与分布在大院的资源冷杉之间产生了明显的遗传分化,两地资源冷杉之间的遗传变异占总的68.87%。     

石人山自然保护区秦岭冷杉群落物种多样性和稳定性研究

利用20个样地资料,对石人山自然保护区的秦岭冷杉群落物种多样性和稳定性进行了研究,结果表明:5个群落的物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均存在一定差异,且它们明显受群落类型和群落结构的影响,群落结构越复杂,物种丰富度指数和多样性指数就越大,均匀度指数就越小;5个秦岭冷杉群落各生活型的物种多样性指数间存在着一定的差异,但是差异不一定具有统计学意义;利用改进的M.Godron稳定性测定方法测得的5个群落的稳定性都极低,而且群落的稳定性和多样性之间没有明确的关系,说明群落都处于一定的动态变化中.     

西藏东南部急尖长苞冷杉蒸腾耗水及其驱动因子分析

目的 探讨不同径级急尖长苞冷杉个体蒸腾耗水规律,并分析其与主要气象因子的相关性,为明确西藏亚高山区林木生长规律提供重要参考。方法 应用树干液流测定系统在西藏色季拉山天然急尖长苞冷杉林内对8株不同径级急尖长苞冷杉个体进行蒸腾耗水的连续测定,并同步监测5个气象因子。结果 急尖长苞冷杉树干液流速率日变化为单峰曲线,7月、8月和9月8株样木平均液流速率分别为137.09、142.71和184.43 g/h,日活动时间为10:00—22:00,其峰值出现在16:00左右。急尖长苞冷杉树干蒸腾耗水速率与大气温度和光合有效辐射呈极显著正相关关系,与饱和水汽压差显著正相关,与大气湿度极显著负相关,与风速无关;蒸腾耗水与各因子相关系数绝对值排序为大气湿度>大气温度>光合有效辐射>饱和水汽压差。急尖长苞冷杉边材面积和日蒸腾耗水量均与胸径呈极显著的二次曲线关系,决定系数分别为0.999和0.937。结论 急尖长苞冷杉蒸腾耗水日变化呈“N”形变化,受大气温湿度和光合有效辐射等环境因子影响显著;随胸径增加,单株日蒸腾耗水量迅速升高。     

基于长白山臭冷杉胶合板强度的水性异氰酸酯胶黏剂配比

用水性异氰酸酯胶黏剂压制长白山臭冷杉胶合板,通过检测胶合板的胶合强度,分析聚乙烯醇(PVA)质量分数、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)质量分数、乳化剂用量等因素对水性异氰酸酯胶黏剂胶合性能的影响.利用正交试验方差分析得出各影响因素间的主次关系为TDI质量分数PVA质量分数乳化剂质量分数.当PVA质量分数为10%、TDI质量分数为5%、乳化剂质量分数为30%时,水性异氰酸酯胶黏剂的胶合性能最好,胶合强度达到了0.79 MPa.     

Temperature variability since A.D. 1837 inferred from tree-ring maximum density of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies fabri</Emphasis> on Gongga Mountain,China

Two tree-ring MXD (maximum latewood density) chronologies of Abies fabri were developed from the eastern slopes of Gongga Mountain, and a regional chronology (RC) was established based on the two MXD chronologies. There were significant positive correlations between the three MXD chronologies and August–September temperature, and the RC had the highest correlation (r=0.733, n=48, P<0.001) with mean August–September temperature. Based on growth-climate analyses, we reconstructed mean August–September temperature during the past 171 years for the study area. The reconstruction explained 53.5% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period 1960–2007 (F=52.8, R²_adj =52.4%). In the past 171 years, there were 22 very warm years and 23 very cold years, four cold periods (1837–1842, 1884–1891, 1899–1905 and 1984–1989) and three warm periods (1966–1973, 1916–1924 and 1876–1881). Our reconstruction was validated by other tree ring-based temperature reconstructions from the surrounding area and documented climate disaster events.     

梵净山冷杉林的发现及其科学意义

冷杉属是北温带阴暗针叶林的建群种类 ,世界上共有 50余种。 2 0世纪 80年代中期 ,中国在亚热带陆续发现冷杉属植物 3种 ,是植物界的奇迹 ,其中贵州的梵净山冷杉 ,不但为残留的稀有种 ,并构成一定小面积的冷杉林 ,是为重大发现之一 ,也是迄今为止最后发现的一种冷杉及其形成的冷杉垂直带群落。梵净山冷杉林的发现对植物区系学 ,植物群落学 ,植被地理学 ,古生物学 ,古气候 ,冰川学等学科都有一定的科学意义     

Composition and habitat use of small mammals in old-growth mountain forests

Old-growth mountain forests in the Pyrenees have natural gap dynamics, a well-developed shrub layer and a large amount of dead wood. Small mammal communities in two types of old-growth forests, silver fir and mountain pine, were studied in July and September in 2006 and 2007. Four species were trapped: bank vole (Myodes glareolus), wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) and common shrew (Sorex araneus). Bank voles and wood mice were most commonly trapped (78% of all captures). There were no differences in community composition in the two forest types, although the bank vole was more often captured in the silver fir than in the mountain pine forest. Mammals were more frequently captured at trap stations with high shrub cover, high tree regeneration cover and low herbaceous cover. Our results show that forest structure and, to a lesser extent, forest type determine small mammal community structure, and specifically fine-scale occurrence patterns, in these old-growth forests.